Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

基于量子化、芯片化的先进计量测试技术发展动态

计量是国家质量基础的重要组成部分，产品质量的提升离不开科学、精准的计量。工业发达国家极为重视计量测试技术的发展。通过搜集、整理量子效应计量、芯片级计量等国内外大量文献资料，归纳分析了近年来国外先进计量测试技术发展动态与趋势。以量子技术和基本物理常数为基础建立量子计量基标准，将大幅提高测量准确度和稳定性，结合量子效应的微加工技术实现芯片尺度的测量等，微纳尺度计量技术也在科学研究、精密测量、智能制造等领域得到广泛应用。本文可为我国计量技术发展提供借鉴。     

目的论视角下服装品牌的翻译

随着全球化飞速发展,海内外服装贸易竞争日益激烈,服装品牌的译名日益显示出其重要性。以服装类品牌为研究对象,旨在探讨目的论下的服装品牌的翻译策略。目的论认为,目的原则是翻译中的首要原则。经分析发现,为使译名达到传达信息、传递美感或呼唤消费的目的,译者在翻译时应灵活运用音译、直译、意译、音意译几种译法,创造出达意传神、刺激消费的译名。     

论荀子的“勇”

荀子根据"勇"与"义"、"利"的关系提出了"狗彘之勇"、"贾盗之勇"、"小人之勇"、"士君子之勇",只有"士君子之勇"是值得提倡的。荀子还将"勇"划分为上勇、中勇、下勇,认为只有上勇才是真正的大勇。真正的勇并不是先天具有的,是后天"人为"的结果,需要重视礼的作用,树立重义轻利的求荣避辱观念,通过师法不断培养才能形成。     

飞机数字化装配系统中机身交点孔加工方法研究

针对传统交点孔加工方法加工精度低且存在回弹变形的问题,设计了一种满足飞机大部件数字化装配要求的机身交点孔精加工方法,根据交点孔的加工特性完成了机身定位与固持、数控加工中心定位以及加工工艺的总体设计,确定了交点孔加工程序原点的计算方法和编程原则,最后通过交点孔试切加工试验验证了加工方法的可行性。     

基于实战使用的涡轴发动机空中起动飞行试验

以涡轴发动机实战使用中空中紧急起动相关技术指标和特情处置措施验证为目的,设计了贴近实战使用特征的发动机空中起动试飞方案,并以某涡轴发动机设计定型试飞为依托,进行了不同飞行工况下的飞行试验验证和数据分析研究。结果表明:该空中起动试飞方案合理可行,能够最大程度的贴近部队实战使用的技术特征,满足对发动机起动高度包线、起动时间等研制总要求规定的技术指标验证需求;试飞结果表明该型涡轴发动机4000m以上高度停车至再起动期间直升机平均下滑高度约为670m,平均停车时间约为185s。该试飞方法和数据结果可为部队实战使用过程中空中遭遇停车的紧急处置提供支持和参考。     

主流攻角对双射流孔气膜冷却特性的影响

应用压力敏感漆技术,在平板上测量了不同主流攻角(i=-30°,-20°,-10°,0°,10°,20°,30°)下双射流孔的气膜冷却效率,并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)计算得到的流场对气膜冷却效率的规律进行了解析。所研究的双射流孔结构的孔间无量纲横向距离为0.5,孔间无量纲流向距离为3;射流与主流密度比为1.0,吹风比分别为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0。结果表明小的主流攻角(i=-10°,0°,10°)下,流场中存在反肾型涡对或挤压作用,气膜层与壁面贴附良好,气膜冷却效率最高;大正值攻角(i=20°,30°)下,虽然气膜覆盖面积大,但反肾型涡对退化,气膜冷却效率下降;大负值攻角(i=-20°,-30°)下,流场中有肾型涡对,且气膜横向覆盖受限,气膜冷却效率最低。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

三维数模随动下的机翼结构重量优化

目前,基于快速建模下的重量重心估算系统得到了快速发展。为了进一步提高结构重量估算精度,研究了如何在重量重心快速分析(WCGA)系统环境中构建优化模块。以机翼结构重量优化为例,提出优化流程,对优化模块功能进行分解,给出模型简化要求。以A320飞机机翼为例,对梁和长桁进行优化,结果显示,经过优化,有效减轻了结构重量,且相比于传统的减重优化设计方法,极大提高了计算效率。